Training Nutrition Tips – FATS
We have talked about carbohydrate previously and how it is important for endurance exercise but should be matched to requirements. The same goes for fat. Fat is important for a range of different physiological process and is essential in the diet.
What is not essential is excessively high fat intakes. I can see everyone sitting on the edge of their seats waiting for me to give a guideline. But I am going to refrain. The amount of fat required in the diet is dependent on a whole range of issues that are too broad to give a sweeping recommendation for. So let’s ask a few questions to help you determine your fat requirements.
Are all fats the same?
No. Similar to the public health message of bad fats and good fats, there are certain fats that are good for sport and others that are not. Obviously from a health point of view it is important to include good fats like polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats and oils while avoiding fats that could potentially be harmful (ie Trans fats and Saturated fats.) This is what most athletes should be focusing on. It is also important to have fat in the diet for vitamins and anti-oxidants (Vit A, Beta Carotene). Certain vitamins can only be obtained through fats and oils and these vitamins are essential for health and performance.
What about Omega 3 fats?
These have been purported as the cure for everything at the moment and are very important in the maintenance of health. From a performance point of view there is not a lot of evidence that suggests Omega 3’s improve exercise capacity. General guidelines suggest that ~500mg of Long chain Omega-3 (DHA/EPA/DPA) per day is sufficient. (Suggested Dietary Target for men = 610mg, for women 430mg.1)
This can now be achieved through a number of ways, the most popular of which is through fish oil tablets. The thing to remember is that one 1000mg fish oil tablet does not equal 1000mg of Long chain omega 3’s. (make sure you check the label for exact compositions) Eating newly available flavoured tinned sardines (not that bad tasting actually) that contain 930mg LC omega 3’s per tin, is an easy solution.
Will a high Fat diet improve performance?
Over the past 10 years there has been a lot of research into high fat diets and endurance exercise performance. The theory behind these diets is that by eating higher amounts of fat (~65-75% energy from fat) you increase your body’s ability to burn fat and hence save glycogen (body’s carbohydrate stores). In the initial stages of this research it was extremely promising but they found in race simulations (100km road race) that the ability to sprint and accelerate was significantly hampered resulting in poor performance. So, even though you can change your body’s ability to use more fat it will not help you in a race situation.
The message on fat is that it is essential in ever athletes’ diet. The quantities should be matched to your fuel requirements and body composition goals. The majority of fat in the diet should be from polyunsaturated and mono unsaturated fats and oils and athletes should be endeavouring to get in at least ~500mg of Long Chain Omega 3’s a day. This will ensure your body is getting enough good fats for exercise as well as enough fat soluble vitamins and anti-oxidants to help with recovery.
Eat up the Road.
Greg Shaw, Australian Institute of Sport, Sports Dietitian

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