Training Nutrition Tips – fuelling at the top
Tour riders are some of the most highly developed athletes on the planet but no matter how good physiologically they are if they don’t eat to replenish energy used by the body they will not finish.
Trust me there are no tour riders on low carb diets. The average energy expenditure of a tour rider has been measured very few times. The last time was in 1989. In that race the average energy expenditure per day was around ~30,000kJ. On long mountain stages cyclists burnt close to 38,000kJ. This is more than four times the average person’s daily energy expenditure. Considering that the average speed of the tour has increased by 3km/hr since 1989 these figures may be higher still.
If a cyclist spends around 5 or more hours on the bike each day and hopefully a further 8 hours a day sleeping, a few more recovering, getting rub downs, warming up, doing media etc. it leaves very little time to eat the large amount of energy required to maintain intensity over the entire 3 weeks of racing.
Most people would think that to increase their energy intake it would simply mean eating more at breakfast, dinner and supper. But professional cyclists are actually exceptionally good at consuming energy while on the bike. Feed zones are an essential part of the race and even though they can cause major headaches for the peloton without them the race would not be possible.
The consequences of not eating enough was seen famously in 2000 when Lance Armstrong lost significant time to rival Jan Ulrich after failing to collect food in the feed zone because he felt so good. So a race can be potentially won or lost based on nutrition.
A Tour de France cyclist consumes up to 50% of their daily calorie requirements on the bike. They achieve this by consuming a whopping 90+g of carbohydrate per hour, ~30% of that is through fluid intake. This is a phenomenal amount of energy. It would be say 1.5 gels and 750ml of a 7% sports drink per hour. This is using specialised carbohydrate blends that increase the absorption and usage of ingested carbohydrate and spare muscle glycogen.
Over the length of the tour you would expect a cyclist to lose considerable weight due to the inability to eat enough energy. This is actually not the case, in fact a tour rider is able to maintain body weight within a kilogram of their starting weight throughout the tour. They do this by continuing to eat large volumes of food on days when energy expenditure is less (rest days, time trial days.) This allows them to play catch up and restore some of the losses that may be seen during high energy stages like mountain stages.
Lets hope Cadel Evans is 3rd time lucky in 2009!
Eat up the Road.
Greg Shaw, Australian Institute of Sport, Sports Dietitian

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